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I noticed an inconsistency between the English word round and the Italian translation doppiare;
in the nautical slang we use round with the meaning of move/go/pass through a cape;
i.e. round the Cape of Good Hope
Translating it in Italian I noticed a peculiarity since doppiare comes from doppio, that is twice, and it is not logical, since when we overcome an obstacle we pass it, we do not pass it twice...
What is the origin of the Italian word?
I'm certainly not an expert in boating, but I can give a possible answer about the meaning and the origin of the term doppiare in nautical language.
And about its connection with the term doppio.
Nautical terminology is very complicated and there are dictionaries on this subject.
The following is a Dizionario del mare (Dictionary of the Sea), of 1932, and the entry doppiare can shed light on our problem:
I put the image of the entry doppiare below:
Transcription:
Doppiare termine proprio della marina. Significa passare a breve distanza, descrivendo un breve giro, dall’una all’altra parte di un capo, di una punta, di un'isola. Quando si passa in linea retta si dice: montare.
The dictionary describes two ways of passing through a cape, doppiare and montare.
Doppiare un capo means passing a short distance from a cape (or an island), describing a turn. Instead, when the cape is passed along a straight line the term is montare.
Therefore, but this is my conjecture, when a boat doppia a cape, it goes, in a sense, twice along the cape: it goes along the first side, then it passes the point of the cape and then goes again along the other side of the cape.
This seems to me not very different from the English term 'round', which also suggests a curved movement, not a straight line.
And the origin from the Spanish term doblar, mentioned by Denis Nardin in the comments, seems to confirm this connection between curvare, girare and raddoppiare, both present in the Spanish term doblar.
"To double" and its friends meaning "to round a cape" is a thing in many languages, including English, Italian, Spanish and French (and probably others).
I don't have anything to back it up with, but my hunch is that in this sense it's been conflated with or at least influenced by Latin duplex or one of its descendants (rather than its direct ancestor duplus), and it has more to do with the -plex part (whence piegare "to flex, bend") than with the du- part.
It probably happened in one Romance language and then got calqued by the other ones (and later borrowed by English).
If it were true, this word would have semantic parallels in many more languages, including Russian обогнуть, Homeric Greek περιγνάμπτω, English "to lap", all meaning "to go around an obstacle" and descending from a root meaning "to fold, bend".
