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Is there a term for verbs that follow the pattern 'Indirect object + verb + subject' called?
The following are examples:
Mi piace la sciarpa.
Tu non mi basti mai.
Non mi serve la giacca.
I think I heard the term 'dative taking verbs' in my Latin studies, but I was wondering how native speakers talk about these verbs (if they do).
The verbs in your example are all special cases of the broader class of verbs called "verbi transitivi indiretti".
I like the Wikipedia definition at https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitività_(linguistica):
sono verbi intransitivi particolarmente bisognosi di un oggetto su cui far passare l'azione (il che avviene attraverso un complemento indiretto)
Indeed, if your sentences did not contain the indirect pronoun, I'd ask "a chi?".
La sciarpa piace. [a chi?]
Tu non basti mai. [a chi? a che cosa?]
La giacca non serve. [a chi? (but this one is fine also without an indirect pronoun)]
